Importantly, the role of most ecological drivers of invasion success is unrelated to the amount of genetic diversity present in introduced populations. For instance, alien species that share intermediate levels of EEE with resident natives may prove phenotypically well matched to their new environments ( Petitpierre et al., 2012), but at the same time sufficiently different to overcome possible competition (aka Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis Catford et al., 2019). Some alien species also have preadapted traits that allow them to survive in certain environments, in what has been termed eco-evolutionary experience (EEE Saul et al., 2013). Attributes of biotic interactions in the introduced range, such as strong release from specialist natural enemies (enemy release hypothesis Keane and Crawley, 2002) or lack of compatible mutualisms (missed mutualisms hypothesis Le Roux et al., 2020), may further impact invasiveness. Invasion success may not only hinge upon the mean values of these traits, but also their plasticity, especially during the initial phases of invasion, when tolerance of novel environmental conditions will benefit the survival and reproduction of introduced populations ( Palacio-López and Gianoli, 2011). Many ecological hypotheses have also been formulated around functional traits of alien species, including those related to dispersal, growth and reproduction, to explain invasiveness ( Catford et al., 2009 Enders et al., 2020). Invasive populations frequently stem from multiple introductions of large numbers of alien propagules ( Hufbauer et al., 2013) to areas where climatic conditions are similar to those in the native range ( Liu et al., 2020). introduction dynamics) interact to determine invasion success ( Pyšek et al., 2020). invasibility) and how they were introduced (i.e. invasiveness), their new environments (i.e.

Catford et al., 2009 Blackburn et al., 2011). Understanding the drivers of establishment and invasion success remains a central theme in invasion biology (e.g.

Species introduced by humans to new regions must negotiate a series of barriers before they can achieve substantial population growth and spread over large areas ( Blackburn et al., 2011).

The Wattle Tree by John Bell